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7 Inspiring Climate Change Solutions

Climate-Focused Research Takes on Plastics, Food Waste, Carbon Emissions and Wildfires

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hand holds strand of seagrass while person in red shirt and waders stands in water in background
Protecting and restoring seagrasses, which naturally sequester carbon, could be one solution needed to address the climate crisis. 嘿嘿视频 scientists are working to quantify the carbon storage capacity of seagrass. (嘿嘿视频)

Climate change is heavy and can often feel demoralizing. I feel this to my core on many, many days. This Earth Day, it鈥檚 important to remember all the doers, and the many possibilities. 

Scientists presenting at last week鈥檚 Office of Research annual expo gave me a much-needed surge of inspiration as they described projects underway that are promising, tangible solutions for California and beyond. The research is supported by the grant program.

Seagrass solutions

鈥淚 come from a generation that didn鈥檛 cause climate change but inherited it,鈥 said presenter , a Ph.D. student working with Professor , in a refreshingly candid intro to her project. 鈥淚鈥檓 told my generation is the last generation that can fix it. 鈥 I鈥檓 also someone with climate anxiety. I鈥檓 constantly worried about the future of the planet.鈥

She recognized that an empowering course of action she could take with her skills and interests is to help provide scientific data where important gaps exist鈥攍ike in the ocean鈥檚 potential to store carbon.

seagrasses blanket the surface of Tomales Bay with red boat in background
Seagrass, akin to a marine forest in terms of the biodiversity found within it, spreads across California鈥檚 Tomales Bay. (Melissa Ward/嘿嘿视频)

That鈥檚 why she鈥檚 working with Hill and others to quantify the carbon sequestration potential of seagrass. The ocean, she said, already stores about 30% of the carbon dioxide we emit. Seagrass meadows and salt marshes store about half of that, but those ecosystems are being degraded.

Hill and Sellinger are working in Elkhorn Slough and Tomales Bay to explore how seagrasses absorb carbon dioxide, transfer it to biomass, and store it. This will allow us to better understand the extent to which seagrass preservation and restoration can help fight climate change.

Fossil-free plastics

Plastic is a massive problem that鈥檚 found its way into every corner of our lives. What if you could make biodegradable, all-natural plastic out of food waste?  

, professor of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, is developing biodegradable plastics derived from cheese whey permeate, a cheese-making byproduct that is normally thrown away.

 

Profile of Professor Ruihong Zhang in blue blazer outside with trees in background
Ruihong Zhang. (Gregory Urquiaga, 嘿嘿视频)
A bioreactor in operation cultivates microbes for bioplastic production
A bioreactor in Ruihong Zhang鈥檚 lab cultivates microbes for biopolymer production. (嘿嘿视频)

鈥淢y project develops technology to convert all of those leftovers, including cheese waste, into bioplastics that will be used to make biodegradable packaging material,鈥 Zhang said.

How? Her research is using highly efficient microbes that take up sugar and form biopolymers (PHA). The scientists extract the biopolymers to make biodegradable plastic.

Biodegradable plastics are already being used at small scales, but they remain expensive.

鈥淭hat鈥檚 where my research comes in,鈥 Zhang . 鈥淲e can produce PHAs at a competitive cost through a new process and technology.鈥

A new mix: Pistachios, not peat

Peat moss is widely used to condition soils and gardens, but mining it releases millions of tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, in addition to degrading the environment. 

Peat farm shows large patch of barren soil with forest of trees in background
Peat farms like this one release millions of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when harvested. (Getty)

United States consumers bought 90 percent of Canada鈥檚 2021 peat exports, according to presenter , a Cooperative Extension Specialist in the Animal Science department. His project seeks a more sustainable alternative already grown in California and鈥攁gain鈥攊s a byproduct of agriculture: Pistachio shells.

He鈥檚 already been at work testing a pistachio shell-based soil mixture, which has been found to increase production of crops tested, like lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers and more. Their ACE grant is helping to evaluate the nutritional components of this soil.

full frame of discarded pistachio shells
嘿嘿视频 is exploring how pistachio shell-based soils may be a less carbon-intensive solution to peat-based soil mixes. (Getty)
Cooperative Extension Specialist Jackson Gross profile shot with large-leafed plant
Jackson Gross. (UCOP)

鈥淲e hypothesize that our pistachio-based soils will reduce fertilizer requirements, increase our yield, and also increase the nutritional content of our food crops,鈥 said Gross.

Wildfire-resistant housing

Engineering Professor , director of the Climate Adaptation Research Center at 嘿嘿视频, continues his work to create wildfire-resistant housing through an ancient material 鈥揺arthen blocks鈥攅ngineered with modern science.

Such materials could be used to build affordable, sustainable, unburnable housing鈥攁 growing need in California, where major insurance companies have largely stopped writing fire and new home-insurance policies due to fire risk.

A close-up of a wood block and earth block and a blowtorch
Ph.D. candidate Nitin Kumar holds a blow torch to a lab-made earth block, and a wooden block. (Karin Higgins/嘿嘿视频)
Professor Michele Barbato in middle of pile of earthen blocks
Professor Michele Barbato stands alongside stacks of fire-proof earthen blocks at 嘿嘿视频. (Karin Higgins, 嘿嘿视频)

Barbato鈥檚 lab has already shown that the blocks can withstand wildfire, as well as hurricanes and tornadoes.

鈥淲e need climate-resilient housing that is affordable for everyone,鈥 Barbato told the audience. 鈥淲ith this grant, we want to bring down the cost of construction by 50 percent.鈥

Fire stewardship support tool for tribes

Fire lighting is part of the solution for ongoing wildfire issues in California, both through prescribed burning and through cultural burning鈥攑racticed for thousands of years by Indigenous people, said assistant researcher . Low-intensity fire has been shown to reduce wildfire risk 60%, she noted.

Fontana is working with Native Studies Professor to develop a fire stewardship decision support tool for tribes in California.

Beth Rose Middleton Manning and students conduct Indigenous burn in Woodland CA
嘿嘿视频 Professor Beth Rose Middleton Manning, students and community leaders take part in a cultural burn at the Tending and Gathering Garden in Woodland, California in January 2020. (Alysha Beck, 嘿嘿视频)

鈥淭ribes have small land bases but large ancestral homes,鈥 Fontana said. 鈥淪o most of California鈥檚 land is divided between federal land and private ownership.鈥

That means tribes have to work across different agencies to apply the practice.

The project鈥檚 solution is to create an accessible, geospatial, fire-decision support tool, working with local tribes and First Nations people in Canada to implement cultural burning across jurisdictions. They are partnering with First Nation鈥檚 Emergency Services Society to assess data, define community priorities, plan actions and assess outcomes.

And more

Additional projects include work to develop more efficient technology to reduce methane emissions from dairy farms, as well as learn how to more efficiently harvest solar energy鈥攁nd food鈥攆rom greenhouse crop production.

Aggie Climate Action for Equity (ACE) grants are offered by the State of California and administered by the UC Office of the President, with 嘿嘿视频 awards managed by Venture Catalyst under the 嘿嘿视频 Office of Research.

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Kat Kerlin, 嘿嘿视频 News and Media Relations, 530-750-9195, kekerlin@ucdavis.edu 

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