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Lake Tahoe, with its iconic blue waters straddling the borders of Nevada and California, continues to face a litany of threats related to climate change. But a promising new project to remove tiny, invasive shrimp could be a big step toward climate-proofing its famed lake clarity.

That’s according to the annual Tahoe: State of the Lake report, released today by the The report presents data from 2018 regarding lake clarity, temperature, snowpack, invasive species, algae, nutrient loads and more, all in the context of the long-term record. 

Removing Mysis shrimp

Billions of invasive Mysis shrimp, introduced in the 1960s, live in Lake Tahoe, where they eat native zooplankton that historically helped keep the lake blue and clear while also serving as a food source for native fish. �ٺ���Ƶ TERC researchers found that when Mysis shrimp mysteriously disappeared from Emerald Bay in 2011, native zooplankton rebounded almost immediately. Within two years, clarity had increased by almost 40 feet. The reverse effect occurred when the Mysis returned.

TERC is now halfway into a two-year pilot project, with many late nights trawling for shrimp, to find an effective means of removing enough Mysis shrimp to improve lake clarity indefinitely.

“Even with , we’re finding that if you get rid of the shrimp, clarity improves,” said Geoffrey Schladow, director of �ٺ���Ƶ TERC and a professor in the College of Engineering. “Their removal allows for the return of native zooplankton, which have the ability to consume both tiny algae and fine clay particles that have reduced clarity in the past. That is huge.”

Clarity

Clarity improved dramatically in 2018 to 70.9 feet, thanks to a return to more normal weather and streamflow conditions. This represents a 10.5-foot increase over the 2017 value, but is still far short of the clarity restoration target of 97.4 feet. Over the long term, summer clarity has been declining and largely offsetting gains made in the winter months.

Heat, snow, rain and fire

Temperature and precipitation were average in 2018. However, the lake’s air and water temperatures have been warming since measurements began in 1968. The average water surface temperature in 2018 was 53.2 F, the second warmest on record. The maximum daily summer surface water temperature was one of the highest observed at 77.5 F on Aug. 6.

By century’s end, the Tahoe Basin is projected to experience air temperatures up to 9 degrees higher than today’s average. A shift from a snow-based to a rain-based climate will result in peak streamflows occurring months earlier than present day, with those flows arriving as warmer water. Consequences could include changes to fish spawning, a loss of water storage and elevated wildfire risk.

Mixing

The most serious climate changes for the lake over the coming decades are likely to be driven by changes in physical processes like mixing, not simply changes in air temperature.

Warming prevents the lake from fully mixing in winter, which it failed to do in 2018 for the seventh straight year. Lack of deep mixing further warms lake surface temperatures and contributes to nitrate buildup and algal growth. Nitrate concentration was at an all-time high in 2018, at 20.9 micrograms per liter. Such nutrient loading can affect blueness, clarity and stimulate algal growth.

Aspens

The report also describes an emerging threat to forest health. The white satin moth is defoliating stands of aspen trees in part of the Tahoe Basin. Some of these trees are considered “heritage trees,” with their trunks showing the carvings of Basque sheepherders from the early 1900s.

Many solutions working together

“The efforts long underway in the Tahoe Basin to improve lake health and clarity have been and continue to be important,” Schladow said. “Maintaining and building resiliency requires many solutions working together, as well as more tools in our toolbox than we’ve currently been using. That’s one reason we find this ecological solution to be so exciting. Our clarity goals don’t have to be derailed by climate change.”

The Tahoe: State of the Lake report and the center’s long-term dataset have become essential for responsible management by elected officials and public agencies tasked with restoring and managing the Tahoe ecosystem. Federal, state and community leaders will gather at the 23rd annual Lake Tahoe Summit on Aug. 20 to discuss many of the issues and potential solutions presented by this research.

Schladow will provide a public presentation of the report tonight, Aug. 1, at 6 p.m., at the �ٺ���Ƶ Tahoe Science Center in Incline Village, Nevada. Event information is at . 

The report’s production was supported in part by the California Tahoe Conservancy, Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, Tahoe Fund, Tahoe Lakefront Owners Association, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, Lake Tahoe Marina Association, League to Save Lake Tahoe, Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, Parasol, Tahoe Water Suppliers Association, and Incline Village Waste Not Program.