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Fruit Flies Raised in Space by 嘿嘿视频 Researcher Show Weakened Immunity

Studies Continue Today, Help Scientists Understand Spaceflight Challenges for Humans

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Kimbrell with fruit flies
Professor Deborah Kimbrell holds a tray of fruit fly specimens. She launched fruit flies into space in 2006 as part of an experiment to test their immunity in space. (Kathy Keatley Garvey/嘿嘿视频)

Quick Summary

  • Deborah Kimbrell one of first researchers to study innate immunity in fruit flies.
  • This is one in a series of stories highlighting 嘿嘿视频鈥 role in space research as the country reaches the 50th anniversary of the moon landing.

Deborah Kimbrell was a little girl growing up all over the world with Air Force parents when she began to get curious about space.

鈥淚 watched everything happening with space exploration, all the spaceflights, the first landing on the moon,鈥 she said, recalling the event that happened nearly 50 years ago. 鈥淚 knew it was the next way to fly, the new frontier.鈥

鈥淚 resolved then that whatever career I pursued it would have something to do with space.鈥

She followed a liberal arts curriculum at Mills College, but a core class in genetics set her on the path to eventually achieving a doctoral degree in genetics at UC Berkeley.

First in flight, first in flies

in the University of California, Davis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology in the College of Biological Sciences, where she has been since 1999.

One of the first researchers to study innate immunity in fruit flies, Kimbrell early on recognized its potential for modeling the effects of altered gravity on astronauts鈥 immune systems.

Kimbrell at launch
Professor Deborah Kimbrell gives the thumbs up as her fruit flies take off into space in 2006. (Photo/Ingemar Olsson)

In 2006, she and a group of researchers were selected by NASA to study just that. After weeks of lab work and research on location at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, they sent up 10 small containers, each similar in size to a television remote, with fruit flies that would lay eggs while on the space shuttle Discovery. Given the flies鈥 short life span (enabling long-term testing in a brief time) and immune systems strikingly similar to humans鈥, they were ideal subjects.

Returning from the 12-day trip were hatched, 2-day-old, young adult fruit flies. Kimbrell and her team from 嘿嘿视频 and other universities tested the flies鈥 responses to two different infections: a fungus and a bacterial infection. A control group, which never left the ground, underwent the same tests.

Started research on gravity that continues today

The spaceflight experiment was an extension of the ground-based research done by Kimbrell's 嘿嘿视频 laboratory on the effects of increased gravity 鈥 research that continues today at NASA and 嘿嘿视频.

鈥淲hat we found is that in one kind of infection in flies that were raised in space, they did fine, and in another kind of infection, they really didn鈥檛 respond at all,鈥 said Kimbrell. 鈥淭he pathway that did not respond, the Toll pathway, is critical in humans for all kinds of health-related issues,鈥 said Kimbrell. In fact, the Toll pathway response is involved in sepsis, which is still a big problem in human health, she explained.

fruit fly
Fruit fly

Kimbrell looked at the effects of microgravity (decreased gravity, like that in space) and hypergravity (increased gravity), which was simulated on a centrifuge at 嘿嘿视频 鈥 and is similar to what living beings experience in launch and landing of spacecrafts. The flies, or fly eggs, that had been exposed to hypergravity did much better than the flies who were not, suggesting that hypergravity treatment for astronauts before and after space travel could mitigate some health problems experienced after space travel.

The idea that even short-term exposure to increased gravity during a ride on a roller coaster, for example, could potentially have a positive effect on immune response in humans comes from the boost demonstrated in fruit fly immunity during hypergravity exposure.

碍颈尘产谤别濒濒鈥嬧赌檚&苍产蝉辫;, published in 2014, suggested that exposing astronauts to 鈥渘ormal鈥 gravity like that on earth, or hypergravity while they are living on the space station could help mitigate some of the biological problems, including weakened immune response, experienced by those who have traveled in space.

NASA developed lab to continue research on fruit flies

NASA developed a new in 2014 to accommodate continued study of Drosophila, or fruit flies, in space. This facility supports longer duration studies involving multiple generations of fruit flies. Additionally, centrifuge-based science was delivered to the  in the form of a mechanism that houses fruit flies and spins them quickly up to two times the force of gravity.

Video: NASA continues study of fruit flies in space.

鈥淚t makes me happy that now many laboratories are in this field and that my research group鈥檚 work related to gravity contributes to understanding the challenges of space travel,鈥 Kimbrell said. 鈥淎s this research continues, I am optimistic about the future for space travel and proud of 嘿嘿视频鈥 contribution.鈥

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